Wider Professional Reading

Wider Professional Practice [Part 4] I believe that education should be available for all. I feel particularly strongly that those from disadvantaged backgrounds should have the opportunity to experience learning and thus have the chance to make their own life choices. To work with a learner who realises his / her own worth is, to me, a greater experience than handing them a Maths or English certificate, although this is very rewarding, as well. So, perhaps, the first value that I would put forward would be to support the individual to ‘self’ develop – personally and educationally, giving opportunity for self-awareness and actualisation.This necessitates time, flexibility, encouragement and the ability to motivate [not always easy]; it also needs trust and mutual respect [often a failing cited by learners about teaching staff], which develop as the relationship progresses. Following on from this it is important that all have equal opportunity to succeed. Inclusion and establishing individual needs is important, as is being a good role model and exerting professional behaviour, thus, embedding standards which will support the personal growth of the learner.For some this positive role model will have been ‘by-passed’, but it is also as mentor, coach and counsellor where support should be available, if required. These values can help improve quality of life, develop potential and offer purpose to learners but will also, hopefully, make them productive citizens. Personal development in the student is paralleled in the educator – autonomy an important vision for learner and tutor alike To learn, ourselves, from experiences, reflection, evaluation and self-investigation is the basis for continuing professional development and enhances us as professionals, leading to a better teacher.It is a teacher’s responsibility to keep up to date with educational change and subject specialism, as well as technology advances and basic skills [English and Maths]. This can be attained through training, keeping up to date with news / current affairs and action research on points of interest. Although this is an individual’s responsibility, some institutions collaborate to improve systems – at my organization we have resources weeks, where we work together to improve and increase materials, and at tutor meetings issues are discussed and development undertaken [e. g. tandardization of portfolios]. So, good practice will be reliant on others, be it peer or formal observation, appraisal, sharing of resources, informal feedback or support from colleagues, and offers experiences to improve our skills and abilities. As a more seasoned practitioner it is also important to support others, be they new to teaching or purely in need of assistance, ideas or guidance, encouraging them and offering advice if needed – in a more formal setting as guide or mentor. This disseminates knowledge and if communicated effectively creates further good practice.Communication is another key. Clarity, empathy, listening skills and confidence all play their part in being a successful teacher. This skill is important when teaching learners but is also necessary when liaising with other staff and team members. To build rapport, a main feature of the communication process, enables better learning and will lead to collaboration, itself a highly sought after value within education. As mentioned in my company there is a close relationship between tutors and each will look to team members for support [be it resources, paperwork issues or problems with learners].Standard expectations, and therefore values, would be the ‘nuts and bolts’ of the job responsibility, and would include: planning and preparing for lessons, incorporating areas previously discussed [individual needs, challenges, different styles, methods and tools etc. ]; and learner feedback and assessment – important for learners to be able to chart their progress. It is important to give learners stretching targets, or there is risk of demotivation, but too difficult may likewise be off-putting – being able to judge the right level is a skill that comes with experience.The values of a teacher should mirror the IfL’s code of practice [2008], a document that lays out expected codes of conduct and professionalism. The basic principles are: integrity, respect, care, practice, disclosure and responsibility, and are in place for the benefit of ‘learners, employers, the profession and the wider community. ’ Although perhaps somewhat bombastic in approach and full of self-importance the core elements of the IfL’s mandate are what we, as ‘influencers of the future’, should be striving for – instilling morally sound values and judgements into our learners.

Mass Construct in Barbie Doll by Marge Percy

Barbie Doll The Common Women Poems, III. Nadine, resting on her neighbor’s stoop By Marge Piercy This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: You have a great big nose and fat legs. She was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back, abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity. She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. She was advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle.Her good nature wore out like a fan belt. So she cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up. In the casket displayed on satin she lay with the undertaker's cosmetics painted on, a turned-up putty nose, dressed in a pink and white nightie. Doesn't she look pretty? everyone said. Consummation at last. To every woman a happy ending. Mass’ Constructs The Mass’ C onstruction or the matters which related to power relation and domination by Michel Foucault might be applied into the poem of ‘Barbie Doll? by Marge Piercy. Clearly could be seen, the victim from the poem are exactly a woman.While she’s only a kid, the topic of Mass’ Construction is strongly applied into the theme and atmosphere of the poem. As Michel Foucault stated in his ‘Power/Knowledge’, the stronger one person the bigger his position to influence the weaker opposites. For Michel Foucault it is through discourse (through knowledge) that we are created. If we are the sum of our experiences (the knowledge we encounter), then those in control of our early life experiences have enormous power. In an isolated family, a child's knowledge depends upon just a few people. In a sense, those few people create the child's identity.From Power and Knowledge, comes ‘Discipline and Punish’ for the littlegirl. That these reorganizations of knowledg e were also intertwined with new forms of power and domination. The littlegirl cannot attempt to learn anything but what is communicated by them by her society. This is what the little girl had experienced in the poem. Not mentioning she is a little girl, it doubles the oppression she should endure in order to get accepted by this Mass’ Construct society. Thus, this one-sided ideal to construct a woman theme might synergic with the Power/Knowledge as well as Discipline and Punish which both are coined by Michel Foucault.This tragic poem depicts the struggle of a little girl which surrounded by the all-controlling society. To control something, one side/individual definitely have power to execute it. It is practiced by how the society constructed the girl who only knows the beauty of the doll which she’s play with. While this is also could be seen as kids’ innocent activity, the idea of parents give their daughter a ‘barbie doll’ might be interpreted as the act of power controlling. Parents, who are the closest part of society towards the kids inarguably, took the first role in controlling the little girls.This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. What the parents and society knows are that girls should act as a ‘girl’ by their only own point of view. And it has been done by presented her with the typical girls’ toy in a form of dolls. They are not only ordinary dolls in usual, but the dolls were concluded with their domestic tools, ‘and miniature GE stoves and irons’. It has been shown implicitly on how society sees woman and how to treat one.And as a woman, one should shows the ‘beauty’ by the line ‘and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. ’ If not red, cherry candies are pink colored, the color which depicts the soft sides of the women. When it is correlated to the facts of Power/Knowledge by Foucault, this is the part where the basic knowledge of the society towards women is exactly the same with what the poem described. And because ‘This girlchild was born as usual’, she should acted as one. It is ironic when the quotation above connected to the very next lines on the same stanza.Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: You have a great big nose and fat legs. The breakdown of the littlegirl started here. The picture of dolls (Barbie doll) had planted since she was kid by their parents. The relationship between peers at school also played a great role to build an identity of one person. And those peers of the littlegirl also one of the societies which construct the girl’s self. Unconsciously, she should know by now what kind of girl which boys/students from these lines who represented society preferred are.This is how the image of Barbie doll became the solid mental picture of perfect woman craved within the girl. Her place as the minority who surrounded by the construction of society has grown a guilty feeling inside the littlegirl. This might be caused by how she tried to show her good self as a woman so the society wanted to accept her existence. The strong proofs for this point are as mentioned on these lines: She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. ‘Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. ’ Line are kept repeating itself.This is the indication that the problems which the society looked down towards the girl are pretty severe because they cannot tolerate it. They are cannot bear the truth that this littlegirl are not quite woman enough on their sights. Those nose and legs are always the bold worst points for the society to accuse, and to show the littlegirl that woman should not have an appearance such hers. A line before that also draws the littlegirl submission against the society. A mere apology are not enough because the false power w hich applied by society is a must rule for the littlegirl to obey.This all are caused by the position of littlegirl which make her cannot voice her heart. To prove that she is inferior against them who hold the knowledge to dominate every insight of the littlegirl. Thus, practicing the power relation towards the defenseless littlegirl. But the littlegirl are not a failure as her society has accused. The very first lines on second stanza, especially the line ‘She was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back,’ are indicated that she has everything that human existence could muster.Every aspects of her life are the things that needed to actively blend into every mantle of society. She was ‘tested intelligence’, she might offer a helps for teaching people in the future, or ‘possessed strong arms and back,’ to do some more harder works to accomplish such as an athlete or adventurer. She could do almost anything in the near future because ‘She was healthy. ’ From those proofs alone, she is the one of human woman who could do anything he would like. She has everything whether to be a socialist or liberalist individual with everything she has got.But again, due to the repetitive use of ‘Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs,’ those all positive aspects of the littlegirl are concealed within. The construction which applied by the society has hazed away those irrefutable prospects of hers. The first line of third stanza started with the deceitful construction to construct not only their way of thinking but also how women should act in normal way. To show the fitness, beauty, without any indication of lacking things as a woman. Synergistically with the Power/Knowledge relation, the aspects of woman’s construction also could be applied with Foucault’s Discipline and Punish.In his Discipline and Punish, however, the eighteenth-nineteenth century transformation of the human sci ences was explicitly set in the context of practices of discipline, surveillance, and constraint, which made possible new kinds of knowledge of human beings even as they created new forms of social control. Rouse, in his â€Å"Power/Knowledge†, directly stated that perhaps the most important transformation that Foucault described was in the scale and continuity of the exercise of power, which also involved much greater knowledge of detail.Foucault was interested in the difference between massive but infrequent exercises of destructive force (public executions, military occupations, the violent suppression of insurrections) and the uninterrupted constraints imposed in practices of discipline and training: â€Å"It was a question not of treating the body, en masse, ‘wholesale,' as if it were an indissociable unity, but of working it ‘retail,' individually; of exercising upon it a subtle coercion, of obtaining holds upon it at the level of the mechanism itself †” movements, gestures, attitudes, rapidity: an infinitesimal power over the active body. Other ways of exercising force can only coerce or destroy their target. Discipline and training can reconstruct it to produce new gestures, actions, habits and skills, and ultimately new kinds of people. â€Å"The human body was entering a machinery of power that explores it, breaks it down and rearranges it†¦. It defined how one may have a hold over others' bodies, not only so that they may do what one wishes, but so that they may operate as one wishes, with the techniques, the speed and the efficiency that one determines. Thus discipline produces subjected and practiced bodies, â€Å"docile† bodies. (Rouse, 2005) ‘†¦So that they may operate as one wishes, with the techniques, the speed and the efficiency that one determines. ’ Rouse opinion regarding the Power and Discipline which applied to the girl by the society ‘breaks it down and and rearranges itâ⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Since the littlegirl presented a Barbie doll, at that time precisely, she had been constructed and her identity had been arranged. When the girl feels the bigger role of her peers at school, the big construction of society had broke down her capacities as the girl who is capable in many departments as mentioned on the second stanza.Then the society reconstructed it many times as in the beginning of the third stanza. She was advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. Everything that the society gives to her is the methods in how the society tried to constructed her into the way they should see a woman. ‘to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. ’ To live in submission and acted under the rule of them to be a perfect woman. The tragic ends show the break-free of the littlegirl from the clutch of Mass’ Construction.Everything that she have to chose her own way of live has been ma nipulated, so to speak, constructed and rearranged. The way the girl ended her life is not the way for her having a choice in the end, but the act to show how the power of society are relentless and how little the choices for they who has under the oppression of it had had. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Rouse, Joseph, â€Å"Power/Knowledge† (2005). Division I Faculty Publications. Paper 34. http://wesscholar. wesleyan. edu/div1facpubs/34

Sex in mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex in mythology - Essay Example During his study he observed that majority of his patients talked about things that they could little express. The reason for this difficulty he believed was repression of feelings due to taboos and painful experience attached to such forbidden ideas. He hypothesized that that one main reason for such anxiety was the repressed energy of libido or sex that was held by human due to several defense mechanisms. He added fear or feeling of guilt or shame to such fantasies that were not possible to express in normal life. He explains that jokes, slip of tongue, customs, myths and dreams are kind of ventilation and unconscious expression for such repressed feelings. Freud believes that Libido (sex) develop in humans by changing objects. He argued that during the sexual development, individuals are fixated on special objects to derive pleasure; such as sucking thumb; which later on changes to fixation on the mother as a sexual object (which he named as Oedipus Complex). In the case of daughter it is the fixation on father named as Electra complex. The Oedipus complex is a conflict that Freud called neuroses in childhood; where a male child desires excessive love towards his mother and looks at his father with jealousy. The central theme of Freud psychoanalysis theory is that children go through Oedipus complex, but it is their fear of castration that leads them to identify themselves with father rather than desiring mother. The child develop ultimately resolves the Oedipus complex by following parental values; which give rise to super-ego and forms the unrealistic ideals where a child find himself torn between his desires and parents ideal through out his life resulting in anxiety, fear and repressed wishes. Oedipus complex is named on Greek tragedy Oedipus the son of King Laius of Thebes and Queen Jocasta. Oedipus was left in the mountains to be devoured by wolves but found and raised by a shepherd. Years later Oedipus kills his father unknowingly and marries his mother. The story comes to a tragic end where Oedipus blinds himself and begs in streets after knowing the truth. Freud relied on self-analysis and on the anthropological studies to develop his theory of Oedipus complex. He mentions that Oedipus conflict is the expression of wish through a myth, and how human desire incest, but they repress such desires. The legend of Electra; the daughter of Agamemnon who killed her mother to get his father is named as Electra complex (which was named by Carl Jung as female Oedipus attitude in young girls). What Freud points out that during the phallic stage daughters are more attached to father and imagine father; that results in hostility towards mother, the myth of Electra is one such exam ple. Freud mentions that this phenomenon is present in different kind of fairy tales and that the myth is in fact a distorted version of wish fulfillment of an entire race or nation. He sees the Oedipus Complex not as a story, but a real episode as children desire parents during their developing years but refrain to act due to social pressure or taboo. He even mentions a real incident where sons oppressed by father revolted and overtook the father's wives after killing wife (Similar incidents used to happen in ancient Arab culture). But the subsequent generation refrained from doing so; thus Freud concludes that myths are repression of ideas; which he further elaborates in

Bid Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bid Strategy - Assignment Example Key among the factors to consider is the opportunity background. Gilly Vending, Inc. must investigate the background of the opportunity before making any bid decisions. By investigating the background of the opportunity, it becomes possible to determine the potential of the prospect thus determine the chances of profitability. In investigating the background of an opportunity, Gilly Vending, Inc. must look into the financial records and history of the opportunity (Kukar-Kinney & Close, 2010). This way, the company determines the liabilities and opportunities the bid may present. After considering such factors, Gilly Vending, Inc. will determine the lucrativeness of the bid thus makes an appropriate decision, one that safeguards its desire for sustained profitability. Reputation with the customer is yet another factor that fortunately stems out of investigating the opportunity backgrounds. Gilly Vending, Inc. has an established market. As such, it has esteemed customers and competitors among many others. Before making a bid decision therefore, Gilly Vending, Inc. must consider it relationship with the new business opportunity. This may help either expand the company’s market share or eliminate a competition. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship and the reputation of the opportunity will influence the terms and conditions of the new contract. Such are therefore fundamental factors that Gilly Vending, Inc. must consider in order to enter into a profitable agreement with its new opportunities (Federal Service Desk, 2013). Competition is a fundamental factor that often influences the operations of a business. Gilly Vending, Inc. has numerous competitors in the industry. The competitors influence the activities in the market. This implies that they may influence the demand on the bid based on its lucrativeness thus influence the cost of the transaction. As such, Gilly Vending, Inc. must act systematically with an elaborate understanding of the

Multiple Choice Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiple Choice Exam - Essay Example 1998; Haines 2004; McDonald 2007). Throughout this essay, we will delineate the advantages and disadvantages of specific exam types and questions, and eventually, we will arrive at multiple choice examinations and consider why these exams are optimal for an assessment of knowledge and ability. The types of exams which can be employed to assess students are considerable: essay, short answer, practical, seen question, take-home vs. in-class, open-book, or oral examination are just a few (McDonald 2001). Each approach is accompanied by specific advantages and disadvantages which make them appropriate for particular situations. Essay exams, for example, assess not only the student's knowledge of a particular area, but also their ability to coherently formulate a written answer that is clear and direct, and it has the advantage that partial credit can be assigned based on the quality of the answer provided (McDonald 2001; (McDonald 2007). However, disadvantages include that scoring of essay exams can often be obfuscated by subjectivity in determining what qualifies as a correct answer and how many points may be subsequently awarded. Students with poor writing skills, who are as knowledgeable as their peers, may be penalized more severely in their responses due to grammatical a nd syntactical deficiencies in their writing which are unrelated to their knowledge of the particular question (McDonald 2001; (Haines 2004). As such, it is especially important to consider these advantages and disadvantages when selecting the type of exam which will be utilized. In the past few decades, in part because of technological advances that have made grading less demanding, multiple choice exams have come into favor in a wide range of academic and non-academic settings (Merritt 2006). We will consider the advantages and disadvantages of multiple choice exams and how they may be employed in later sections. TYPES OF EXAM QUESTIONS While the wide-variety of exam types might suggest there is an even greater amount of questions, this actually proves not to be the case. In fact, exam questions can be distilled down into two disparate types: open-ended and closed-ended. Open-ended exam questions provide a question or statement and demand the test-taker to answer the question by drawing upon their own knowledge (Genesee & Upshur 1996). Open-ended questions require an ability to identify what the question is asking and develop an articulate answer that satisfies all the requirements of that question (Genesee & Upshur 1996). Essay, short answer, and "fill-in-the-blank" type questions are all examples of open-ended questions. Problems with these types of questions can be subjectivity and lengthiness in the grading process. However, they are advantageous in that they require a nuanced ability to produce a coherent and appropriate answer from one's own knowledge (McDonald 2001). Closed-ended questions, unlike open-ended questions, do not require the test-taker to extract the answer solely from previous knowledge; rather, closed-ended questions provide a pre-existing set of potential answers in addition to the question being asked (Genesee & Upshur 1996). Since all students select from a set of preordained answers, the tests are ostensibly more objective

Pratical Marketing Communications Re-sis Assignment . (I orderd the Essay

Pratical Marketing Communications Re-sis Assignment . (I orderd the same assigment and the writter did it incorrectly therefor - Essay Example The target market for the M-PESA mobile money service ranges from business owners who can be paid their bills using the service to the Safaricom network users who spend a lot of time and money to send money to their friends and families or to pay their bills, and in Kenya, some of the closest rivals of the service are Airtel money, Yu cash and Orange money. Safaricom Kenya limited uses successful business and media personalities to endorse their product such as Jaguar and Size 8 who are some of the most celebrated media personalities in the country. The use of Jaguar, a celebrated musician in the country whose story of rags to riches identifies with most of Safaricom mobile services subscribers was well informed as the musician is seen by many young people as their role model in their quest to pull themselves out of poverty. The â€Å"Niko na Safaricom† advert that was performed by the Safaricom choir was hailed as one of the best musical adverts ever shot in the country and i t became a household song soon after its release. Point of sale promotion also encouraged many people to register for the service as the registration was free and SIM cards were sold at subsidised rates. The introduction rates for the service, although they were perceived to be fair, they were relatively expensive to most of the M-PESA service users The company also uses the social media to encourage its subscribers and the subscribers of their rival companies to subscribe to the service by asking quizzes about the benefits and the products within the M-PESA service on its facebook fan page. Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse the various communication elements that Safaricom Kenya limited has included in its communication mix to sell its M-PESA mobile money service to its subscribers. This report has highlighted the main communication techniques that the company has adopted that ranges from celebrity endorsements by popular media and business personalities in the country to advertisements. Point of sale promotions, the way the product is packaged within other services offered by the company, its advertisement strategies and how it has used the social media and especially facebook to market the M-PESA mobile money service (Kloeppinger-Todd & Sharma, 2010, p239). The report will compare the brand with other similar services that are offered by its rival companies; however, due to the large number of services that the company offers, the report will not look at the communication mix that the company has used to market its other products and services (Pike, 2008, p56). Product history Safaricom M-PESA service has been in existence in Kenya since the year 2007 when it was launched, it was launched as a mobile money transfer service that would enable its users to transfer money to other subscribers of the network. However, it was advanced to incorporate sending of money to other mobile subscriber networks such as Celtel, which is currently Bharti Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya. The M-PESA mobile money service entails services such as depositing and withdrawing of money, transferring of money to other users and non-users, purchasing of airtime, pay bills and transferring of money between the service and a bank account of the user in some

The Greek Dark Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Greek Dark Ages - Essay Example Society included groups of small settlements who survived on farming, which was seen as a vital economic resource. This essay will discuss the works of three writers who analyze the culture and societies of the Greek Dark Ages. Hooper said that the invaders that came into Greece entered the state in phenomenal numbers. These people had some sort of Greek descent because they could speak similar dialects. However, these invaders were far less superior to their Greek counterparts. Also, these invaders used iron weapons instead of the bronze ones used by the Greek settlers: only because iron was more plentiful in their regions (Desborough 1972). The Greek areas which had the most development began to show a change in the quality of their work. Archeologists discovering pottery and other items from this age find a huge decline in the production of these goods. Earlier society seemed to be forced to move backwards as any progress made in those eras was removed. This was replaced by an uneducated and disorganized group of people whose qualities would continue to exist for centuries. This continued to get worse as society was no longer divided into specific groups. It became a great mess of distorted groups. Greeks before the Dark Ages were divided into specific classes: the rich lived in the palaces leading comfortable lives, they could go to war and would return back to their luxurious lives and the poor would make goods and crafts that would serve and assist in the lives of the extravagant few. The palaces, jewelry, pottery and tombs were all removed and most were no longer created. All forms of art and pottery were broken down and their creation became non-existent in this New Greek era. When the invasions began, every member of Greek society suffered. Writing had disappeared during the Greek Dark Ages (Andrews 1967). Archeologists feel that the best proof of this broken society was the lack of any kind of writing during this period. It was only after the society moved to the ninth century that some sort of alphabet began to appear. This too had very limited use. However, the new material that was now used in preserving the forms of writings could store entire stories and histories. The flaw in this though was that no one was writing anything that would change the lives of the ordinary citizen. There was a lack of work done about everyday lives. Very few people spoke of the manipulative powers of the rich and their attempts to ruin the lives of the poor Greek citizen. Hesoid, a farmer was amongst one of the very few who chose to speak against the cruel regime. He is known to be one of the best witnesses to describe the lifestyles of the latter period of the Greek Dark Ages. The writing is of the ordinary mortal, not heroic warrior s. In his work, Hesoid also spoke of the superstition that had been an essential part of Greek life for centuries. Coins were a vital part of Greek life (Hooper 1978). Members of the community realized the great value of coins: as an easy exchange for goods. Literacy played no role in the use of these coins because it was a language that could be understood by anyone. This use of money was severely abused by landowners and the rich who would give it up as loans and

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management - Essay Example 8.8 2)Although senior management does not want a business case for proceeding with this project, they would like to know what some of the potential financial benefits could be from this project. Write a one- to two-page paper describing several potential financial benefits that could result from providing this system. Any technology based resource management system comes with several degrees of financial benefits that are essential to the success of any organization or company involved. Most managers have however not readily identified these benefits, which are financial because they are often embedded in other benefits that are non-fiscal. This means that the financial benefits of technology based management systems are not extrinsic but highly intrinsic (WWF, 2000). The financial benefits are always the result of the key characteristics of the systems. Three of these characteristics are known to be multi-functional, effectiveness and efficiency. The technology based resource manage ment system is said to be multi-functional because it can play several roles at a time. Unlike the orthodox system of creating different portfolios for different employees, a single system could be used to play about three to five at a time (World Conservation Union M&E Initiative, 2009). There could for instance be one system that combines the roles of recruitment, placement, orientation, salary grading and pension scheming, all at a time. In such a situation, the company benefits extensively because the amount of money that would have been spent on each of the portfolios is spared and saved in the coffers of the company. Subsequently, these monies serve as capital for starting other money making activities so as to raise and generate incomes for the company. In the case of the present system, it is even possible to advance the functions of the system so that in the nearest future, there could be several roles integrated into its work. As far as effectiveness is concerned, referenc e is being made to the fact that the technology based resource management systems are useful in generating financial returns and financial benefits by ensuring very high levels of perfection in service delivery. There is no denying the fact that no machine is 100% effective. However, studies show that most contemporary systems that have been introduced in the project management system to take care of resource management actually outweigh human perfection for close to 30% (World Conservation Union M&E Initiative, 2009 ). This means that there is a wider range of quality and perfection guarantee on the use of the technology based system as compared to using human effort. Invariably, the amount of money that would have been spent on legal litigations and other forms of inaccuracy corrections and remediation would be channeled into other profit making ventures within the organization. The effectiveness of the system is therefore another guarantee that the system is highly beneficial in terms of finances. Finally, the efficiency of the system cannot be underestimated in any way, and as

Working towards Six Sigma would definitely be of great benefit to Essay

Working towards Six Sigma would definitely be of great benefit to Achiffa - Essay Example They include both hard and soft problems. The soft problems are the ones which are unstructured and therefore require further analysis before they can be resolved. Checkland (1981) Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in terms of the seven stage approach was utilised to obtain important information and later to facilitate improvements to the existing system of operations. Based on the root definitions a conceptual model was put forward indicating the areas that need immediate improvements. It was recommended that Deming’s Plan, Do, Check, Act modelled be considered. It was also recommended that quality management be a key aspect of improving the system and that the implementation of Six Sigma be considered in future. Introduction Achiffa operations is affected by a number of problems, most of which are related. Some of these problems cannot be solved using traditional or hard approaches to problem solving. It therefore means that another approach has to be found. These problems are more related to human activities and should be carefully dealt with. SSM is a framework that has developed to deal with problems of this nature (Checkland 1981; Checkland and Scholes 1990; Checkland 1999). The role of SSM is to investigate, gain understanding and identify problems. SSM is based on system thinking in that it views the problem domain in a holistic way with the recognition that all parts of the organisation are connected. This suggests that when changes are made to one part other parts of the system will be affected (Checkland 1999). Operations at Achiffa Snack Foods Achiffa Snack Foods purchases potatoes from various suppliers for it operations. These supplies are transformed during the production process into a total of six products including fries, potato wedges and hash browns. Achiffa customers are restaurants, supermarkets. However, waste products and rejects are sold to farmers. After production the goods are transported to regional distribution centres from whi ch logistic providers - in this case FreshDist takes the products directly to the customers. The diagram below is an input-output model which provides a basic illustration of the operations at Achiffa. Input-output Model of Operations at Achiffa Snack Foods Adapted from: Kumar and Suresh (2009, p. 9) Customers are concerned about prices and so Achiffa has to ensure that the supply chain is managed in such a way that the company’s products are competitive. In order for this to be possible production has to be managed in an efficient and effective manner. Therefore the layout of the production area is very important as it helps to facilitate the smooth flow of operations. Additionally, Achiffa needs to ensure that production is planned in such a way that time is not taken up with setting up machines for processing several items in one day. The scheduling of production should also be linked to demand as well as the space available for storing the products – this is termed capacity management. It therefore means that the logistics provider would be required to work in accordance with the schedule provided for delivery. Correcting these problems would help reduce lean time by improving on time delivery, eliminate waste and reduce cost (McCreary 2009). It is important that management consistently examine as well as monitor the quality of service it provides to customers with a view to enhancing it. Achiffa should also ensure that the jobs of all persons involved in the production of its products encourage contribution to the success of the business. Arrangements should therefore be made to have enough supplies on hand so that products are replenished without undue delay. The Use of SSM to Resolve Problems at Achiffa SSM may be used to

If parents can save for only one thing, should they save for their Essay

If parents can save for only one thing, should they save for their children's college fund or for their own retirement - Essay Example That is why there are now two schools of thought when it comes to a child's college education. Either a parent pays for the child's education or they don't. Not paying for a child's education may sound unreasonable to most parents but because of economic uncertainties relating to the advancing ages of the parents, there are actually solid arguments to support the latter school of thought. Susan Adams, columnist for Forbes magazine explains that; .... it turns out that students whose educational costs are paid for entirely by their parents, engage in more leisure activities. In other words, they party instead of study. Most students don’t party so hard that they flunk out of college, but they do damage to their academic performance(Adams, Susan â€Å"Want Your Kids to Succeed? Don't Pay for Their Education†). The hard earned and saved money that the parents pour into their child's education goes unappreciated and ill spent because the children choose to take it easy in c ollege since their parents pick up the tab even for a change in college majors. It is perhaps because of the ease of life that the students have in college due to their parents shouldering the bill that has led to the current generation of lackluster college graduates. In fact, Elizabeth Armstrong, a sociology professor at the University of Michigan observed that parents had a tendency to cut back on their personal savings in order to make room for their college bound or resident children. She claimed that ; â€Å"I noticed there were a lot of parents who had to scrimp and save and pull money from all sorts of sources, and they were not getting the results they expected â€Å" (qtd. in Adams). As future retirees, parents must remember that no retiree will get a retirement loan. It is up to you as a parent to find the right balance between the educational needs of your children and your own retirement needs. Consider the following: â€Å" The choice to pay for a child’s edu cation is certainly a personal one, but most financial experts agree on one point: parents should not sacrifice their retirement funding in order to pay for their kids’ educations. â€Å" (Mayfield, Julie & Mayfield, Lindsey â€Å"Should Parents Pay for College?†). Future retirees have a tendency to save in bulk for both their retirement and the college fund of their kids. Some parents argue that because the IRA and 401 (k) allow for advance withdrawals for their children's college needs, then there is no reason that they cannot help out with tuition and other college expenses. It is after all, a penalty free withdrawal against their investments But, will still be subject to tax agreements. As a parent and future retiree it is important to keep in mind that; You are using up your retirement savings. Once the money has been withdrawn from the IRA, you can't put it back. The only way to increase your IRA balance is through the normal contributions, which are subject to the annual limits. (â€Å"Retirement Plans and Saving for College†). One of the basic reasons that parents find themselves wanting to remain involved in their children's tertiary education, even though there are methods by which a student can actually pay for his own school fees independently, is that a ... parents’ sense of efficacy for helping their children succeed in school focuses on the extent to which parents believe that through their involvement they can exert positive influence on their

Auto Mobile vs Amusement Park Safety Essay Example for Free

Auto Mobile vs Amusement Park Safety Essay Automobiles today are built with many different safety features, and these are so the person(s) within the vehicle do not get injured and or killed. Also these features are not to only protect the people(s) but also the company that the automobile came from, so for example if someone was driving a car and got into a serious wreck and the air bags did not deploy therefore injuring the victim then they could sue the automobile company for money, a new car, pain and suffering, etc. Some of these safety features include Brakes, Airbags, seat belts, and more. When talking about brakes in a car you’re going to want to know what it is your getting because there are many different options in brakes, some examples of this being your regular brakes like you push down the peddle softly and the car with start to slow down or Anti-Lock Brakes or ABS, The primary purpose of anti-lock brakes is to prevent a cars wheels from locking during panic braking. By allowing the car to slow in a more controlled manner, the driver can often maintain better steering control and avoid an accident. Brakes can easily be interpreted by Newtons first law of motion which states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. So a car is moving along the road and the car steps of the gas now the car will eventually stop from the friction of the pavement to the tires but let’s say it doesn’t. So while the car is moving at the speed you let off the gas the car will keep moving at the same speed unless acted on by an opposing force which in this case are the brakes. Know the brakes are applied and what brakes do is they but force of the tiers of the car and that produces friction on the tiers which in term slow the tires down thus slowing the car down. Airbags in a car are extreme safety features because they keep a person(s) from potentially coming out of the front window; seat belts will also do the same but with a little more added protection. So say a car were to hit you from behind what would happen? Well besides your car being wrecked. The body(s) would start moving forward. This is because of part of Newton’s first law of motion which states a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by another force. So your car is sitting at a stop light but the car behind you does not stop so they run into the back of you well your body will fly forward. Because you were at rest and then a force came and pushed you out of rest therefore moving you in the same direction as the car that hit you. So the air bag and seat belt are there to stop you from flying forward and getting severely injured. Amusement park rides and cars have some of the same safety features and even if there not called the same thing they do the same thing for example a seat belt in a car is the same as the harness on a roller coaster. In my opinion I find roller coasters safer then cars because there are equipped with the same features but there are few outside forces to mess with it unlike a car. Because unless due to a technical problem a roller coaster cart will not smash into another roller coaster cart. Amusement park rides also have brakes most of these are more heavy duty breaks then car but then again your taking a one ton car vs. a potentially one hundred ton ride so you’re going to need that extra power to help. Some would argue that to many safety features on an amusement park ride can take the thrill away, I would have to disagree with that because I myself have been on many and I feel thrill every single time. But in a ride if there are many safety features then usual then that will typically mean that the ride is potentially more dangerous than a lesser safety featured ride and this can be because of high speeds, higher altitudes and so on. So if you come to a ride with many safety features it’s not because they want to take away the thrill but because they want to make you safe and once again like automobile company’s not get sued.

Issues That Affect Children Children And Young People Essay

Issues That Affect Children Children And Young People Essay The early years of life are important in influencing lifelong health and emotional development. According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, many issues in early childhood development are directly tied to emotional, physical, and intellectual health in adulthood. It is important to realize that certain issues such as nutrition, economics, social environment, and a childs community during the first years of life will have a lifelong impact for a child. Other People Are Reading http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a07/lm/87/parental-early-childhood-development-stages-180180.jpgParental Effects on Early Childhood Development Stages http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a06/9m/9p/early-childhood-development-issues-1.1-180180.jpgEarly Childhood Development Issues Print this article Economics Economic issues play a part in the development throughout childhood, but particularly during the first few years of life. Children born to mothers who live in poverty or are poorly educated typically have lower birth weight, and more health issues during infancy and childhood. Parental income can be a predictor of adulthood health. In addition, lower-income families may have fewer resources for emotional and physical health, of parents and children. This can affect or retard the overall development of a young child. Social Issues Social issues also have a profound impact on early childhood development. The social conditions of the parents or caretakers can have a direct effect on the language, social, and emotional development of the child, often with permanent results. This impact can be seen as early as 18 months, and according to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), children in low-income homes most often lack the social skills needed to enter kindergarten. In addition, a secure and loving attachment to a parent or caretaker is essential for long-term emotional, physical, and intellectual growth and stimulation. Sponsored Links Jobs Australia 5 urgent open positions. Apply now! Jobs Australia jobrapido.com/jobs+australia Nutrition Healthy nutrition has a direct impact on the health, physical, and emotional development of a child in the first years of life. Nutritional deficiencies can result in the retardation of physical growth and poor overall health and may have long-term effects on the intellectual and physical development of a child into adulthood. Nutrition has also been directly linked to the income level of the home. Community The environment in which a child lives has many direct effects on their development. Children in low-income communities are exposed to higher levels of toxins, pollution, poor water quality, higher noise levels, and lower overall safety. Lower-income communities also tend to have fewer resources for families, lower levels of access to health care, and fewer safe places for children to play. Children in poverty-level homes are also more likely to be exposed to lead-based paint, which can have permanent health effects. Sponsored Links Factors Affecting Social Development Print Collect It! Email By C. Seefeldt Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Childrens development of social skills is affected by the nature of their family and early educational experiences (NRC, 2001). Whether in a nuclear, blended, or extended family; a communal arrangement; or a single-parent family, the child learns social patterns and skills within this context. Children find love and security and form attachments with people who protect and care for them. In the family, children become socialized through interactions with parents, siblings, relatives, and neighbors; once in a school setting, they need new ways of acting, relating, and socializing. Children who have had a strong attachment to a nurturing figure and see themselves as separate from this nurturing figure are ready for a group situation. Children who have not fully developed strong attachments to another person may have a more difficult time adjusting to the complexity of the social system of the school. Can Anyone Explain The Factors That Affect Human Personality? Best Answer Best Answer Ads by Google Gene Expression Report Gene expression across 20,000  samples. Only 0.005 cents/samplemedisapiens.com/gene-report/ Moore Business Education Number 1 ranked undergraduate  degree in international businesswww.moore.sc.edu/ Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 There are some factors that affecting human personality, which form or make human personality. Or we can say that personality is the outcome of results of these factors. 1: Physical Environment: Physical environment affect human personality, consists of land, fertility of land, forests, hills etc. for example, a person of hilly areas has different  physique  and outlook as compared to person of urban area. 2: Social Environment: Social environment also change and affect the human personality. In a society people learn from his  parents, his family members, friends etc. He accepts all the attributes and qualities which are inculcated to him. 3: Cultural Environment: Culture  is submission of tangible and intangible attributes of a society or of a nation. The tangible things are clothes, buildings etc. and intangible things include wedding ceremonies,  hospitality, norms, values, folk-ways, etc. change and affect the human personality because what is in his culture he will accept that thing. 4: Biological Environment: Biological structure or environment of human include glands, nervous system, respiratory system etc. all these things affect ones personality. For example, if  pituitary glands  dont work in normal way then the human growth will be affected and this will change his personality. 5: Role Playing: Each and every individual act and react according to his due role and status assigned to him, which affect his personality. Ads by Google Environmental Analysis Expert Environmental Visualization  and  Data Analysisservicesenvironmental.com A Sample Size of One Must read for a  parent  of an  autistic child. Paperback and  Ebookborders.bookbrewer.com Related reading How Does Environmental Factors Affect Personality Development? Actualy the environmental factors play the most important factor in every human life. Becausethe What Is Personality? How Do We Typically Measure It? What Factors Dete Personality is the sum total of physical,mental and social charateristics of an individual Why Colors Affect Our Personality? Effect of colors on our personality means that the colors we like to wear or that colors which What environmental factors contribute to the personality of an individ I think that there are no specific environmental factors that influence, but that total environment Was this  Helpful  or  Not Helpful Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 Your birthplace, your heritage, your upbringing, your appearance but most importantly your  beliefsystem, lack thereof or open mindedness. If we  cast  aside our prejudice we can change who we are and we can also learn to  project  ourselves and appear to have a different or more outgoing personality. Confidence is also another factor. Are we confident to  show  who we are? You can change your personality with time but you will always have your memories to deep down set who you are. Was this  Helpful  or  Not Helpful Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 If Im not wrong in my opinion then there are some basic factors which always have an impact on someones personality. Those factors are from religious and cultural aspects. They also come from the family life. And a man takes many things from the  atmosphere  he is living in. So there are lot of factors involved which have an effect on human personality.   But according to me the greatest of them all is the characteristics of someone. If a person has got a strong character then in this case, he would affect the people around him. Im very much sure about it. Historical incidents tell us this thing in a very comprehensive way. For instance, all the worlds greatest leaders in history have got the strongest character in them. Even though they were against there culture or religious believes.   You can consider the examples of Muhammad (peace be upon him), Jesus (peace be upon him), Buddha and many other great leaders. Their characters affect their fellow beings and the people of their culture. So it is clear from this example that the greatest effect on a human personality is with the character of some other human beings.   Even in recent days we see many examples like that, people like to follow their favourite  celebrity, their favourite sportsman, their favourite hero. Because they think that he/she has the character like they are watching.   I think it is very clear from this aspect. But there are some other factors as well, which affect human personality. For example, the culture in which a person lives, his friends, his family relationships, his relationship with parents. His teachers also play a major role. I think it is enough. How does family affect a persons personal identity? In:  Parenting and Children,  Siblings,  Peer Pressure [Edit categories] Caring for aging parents?www.caretrio.comIts a tough task. Try CareTrio free for 30 days. Challenging Family Memberatlassautism.com/familiesworkshop to explore family strategy young people on autism spectrum Ads Answer: You learn from the actions around you, which shape your character or personality, due to the people youre with or would like to be. Also, your brain develops at an early age to defer what they comprehend and remember from experience, social interaction, and mental memorization.   Your personal identity is shaped by both environment and heredity. During the centuries there has been more emphasis on one or the other. But today we assume that certain characteristics, e.g. intelligence and social adaptiveness are shaped both by the quality of your genes and by parental influence. Its like a flower that will blossom most beautifully with the best natural characteristic and the right soil. Read more:  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_family_affect_a_persons_personal_identity#ixzz26DSjJZJ5 How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills By Margaret Kay, eHow Contributor How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills thumbnailManagers can use leadeship skills to quell disputes in the workplace. A strong leader encourages a group to fulfill its potential and guide it when it veers off track. As part of a team of unique individuals, the leader is likely to face logistical and social problems on a regular basis. Though inevitable, problems do not need to stop a group from completing its mission. A leader can use leadership skills to help keep problems from gaining momentum and to solve those problems so that everyone involved feels comfortable moving on. Other People Are Reading http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a07/5d/nc/solve-poor-leadership-skill-problems-180180.jpgHow to Solve Poor Leadership Skill Problems http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a08/b2/gj/leadership-can-prepare-adult-roles-180180.jpgHow Leadership Skills Can Help Prepare You for Adult Roles Print this article Instructions 1 Encourage frequent communication and open dialogue. When a problem arises in a group setting, be it in the workplace, in the family or among friends, it is important for individuals to feel free to express their concerns before the issue spirals out of control. By leaving your door open and lending an ear to the concerns of fellow group members, you can help solve minor issues before they turn into larger problems. 2 Meet with people individually to personalize your communication. Get to know your fellow group members on an individual level so you can better assess how to solve a problem in which they are involved. A boss can hold regular meetings with individual staff members to check-in with their progress and ask them for suggestions on how the workplace could function better. Sponsored Links Gap analysis tool Set up and send out gap analysis assessments in just 3 minutes www.spidergap.com 3 Break down problems into simple terms once you have heard all sides of the issue and begin to brainstorm a solution. Avoid stereotyping or assigning blanket judgments to the individuals involved. For example, dont assume that an individual is just upset because shes an emotional woman, or because he is just lazy. Ask yourself what each person involved in the problem wants and what each thinks she is not getting. Think of solutions that accommodate each individuals wishes. Remind yourself of each individuals strengths and design your solution to feature those strengths. If the problem is logistical, rather than social, brainstorm alternative ideas on how the task can be completed. Rather than clinging to the problem, think of a Plan B. 4 Stay focused on the greater vision of the group. Dont allow yourself or other group members to be concerned with trivial issues in what is a much larger mission. Remind group members of the projects purpose and encourage individuals not to dwell on problems. Group members who have their minds set on the end goal will be less likely to create problems along the way, as it will slow the process down. 5 Check up on the problem shortly after a solution has been applied. See if the problem has gone away, if it is improving or if it has gotten worse. Remember that being a leader can mean making difficult decisions. If an individual involved in the problem refuses to work toward a solution, take the necessary steps to remove the individual from the group. Sponsored Links Benefits of Online Social Networking http://www.parentfurther.com/sites/default/files/internet.jpg While there are risks inherent in online social networking, there are also many potential benefits. Social networking can provide opportunities for new relationships as well as strengthening existing relationships, whether your kids friends are close to home or across the world. Its important to be vigilant when your kids are getting involved in online social networking, but its also good to encourage positive relationships through various avenues, including the Internet. Real-Life Benefits of Online Social Networking Kids can gain social confidence from interacting with other people online, which may help them feel more secure in new situations, such as going to college, joining a sports team, and meeting new friends. Because social networking-like everything else online-is constantly evolving, kids can become more familiar with new and emerging technologies, as well as increase their media literacy through exposure to many different types of online media that are shared by their friends. Many kids find support in online communities; this is especially true for kids who have unique interests or feel isolated. Encourage your child to find other kids who are interested in the same thing or may be dealing with similar issues. Online communities can be very diverse and expose your child to many new viewpoints, ideas, and opinions  that she may not be familiar with. Kids tend to use social networking to augment-not replace-their real-world relationships, helping them learn to communicate in many different ways. Social networking is becoming an increasingly important method of communicating in schools and the workplace, so its good for your child to be prepared to communicate through sites like Facebook and LinkedIn. Keeping in touch with family members that live far away can become much easier through the use of online social networking. By sharing updates, photos, videos, and messages, family members can stay connected even if the live across the country-or the world. Social Networking in Schools Social networking is becoming increasingly important in schools-Facebook, Moodle, SecondLife, Digg, and other sites are often used by teachers to communicate with students or for out-of-classroom discussions. Youth can further explore topics that theyre interested in through online social networking.  By making connections with other people who have the same interest, kids can learn and exchange knowledge with others they may not have had the opportunity to interact with. Teachers often take advantage of students social networking abilities to create class blogs, discussion forums, videos, and more.  By collaborating with other students and teachers through online social networking, children are able to build stronger school communities. Top of Form Poor Okay Good Great Awesome Bottom of Form Read more:  How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/how_7912371_solve-problems-leadership-skills.html#ixzz26DTMDynH Read more:  Issues That Affect Children in Early Childhood Development | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/list_6022859_issues-children-early-childhood-development.html#ixzz26DPEeeVx

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children?

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children? Alaina Davis While some people may disagree that violent media contributes to violent children, the fact remains that violence is now part of our everyday world. Many tragedies, from the Gulf War to the loss of the World Trade Center Towers were televised nightly or even 24 hours a day on some news channels. I am not suggesting children be deprived of the knowledge that there is violence in our world, rather I would suggest that children must be supervised for such programming, because children cannot always tell the difference between fact and fantasy. In this paper, we will look at three specifically violent events and the feelings of children who viewed the events on television, or were within close proximity to the violence and watched it televised as well. I do not personally believe that television has the exclusive power to create a violent child however; I do believe that it can be an integral part of a storm of events that can help to create a violent child. There is an amazing array of numbers and facts surrounding television alone, regardless of programming and the ages of the children who watch unsupervised. Fremont (2007), states that there is an average of three televisions in 41% of American homes. Children from ages 2-7 watch television unsupervised and alone 81% of the time. In this same age group, 33% have televisions in their own bedrooms. I personally feel that this is far too much television for children of this age to watch television so much with no adult supervision. It is obvious that television has indeed become the new babysitter. Another statistic from Fremont (2007) is that children watch televised news 65% of the time as compared to 44% who read newspapers. Television, and images in general tend to generate a more visceral reaction than reading printed text does. For example, I can write a text only report about the violence surrounding the Twin Towers Attacks on September 11, 2001, and it will no doubt stir up some reaction, in part because we all had such a large amount of television exposure to the event. However, even at that, reading a text only report, will not elicit the same visceral response as showing pictures will, and that response will heighten with each enhancement to the report. Videography, with a narrator and actual live footage of the event, elicits the strongest reaction to any event, good or bad. However, in our society, violence seems to elicit the strongest responses and the most interest. This is true of not only our news broadcasts, but of television shows, movies and video games. A few more facts, which will become more clear as we relate them to specific events: Less than 50% of children display feelings of anger, depression, or sadness after watching the news (Fremont, 2007). Bushman (2007), states that younger children are more likely to imitate what they see on television. Considering the amount of the age 2-7 group of children that are allowed unsupervised viewing and the psychological processing of that age group, it is easy to see why they would imitate what they see without reasoning for consequence. Browne Hamilton-Giachritsis (2007). have shown a correlation between homes that are violent in nature, children who watch large amounts of televisions in these violent homes, and juvenile delinquency in their teenage years. There are many forms of violence available on television, as entertainment, education, or in conjunction with television and the internet, such as on violent gaming. As a starting place, we are going to briefly visit three national tragedies, in order of happening because television coverage increased with each tragedy. As coverage increased, so did the amount of televisions available to view it on, as well as the time of the coverage. The first national tragedy is the Challenger accident, resulting in the destruction of the space capsule, as well as everyone on board, including a civilian female schoolteacher. Compared to the next two national tragedies, the Challenger received little airplay of the accident scene that was aired on the national news of the takeoff, and the very sudden violent explosion of the capsule. As an adult, I briefly remember the news coverage about the accident, and I remember that coverage was short lived. I had a 3-year-old daughter at the time, but she was never allowed to watch television unsupervised as a child, and she did not watch televised news. However, in a small study done at the time of 153 children from Concord, NH, and Porterville, CA, there was no initial reaction difference between the two coasts (Fremont, 2007). There was an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in East coast children, as opposed to the West coast children (Fremont, 2007). Fremont (2007). did not state the ages of the children involved in the study, but we know that children under eight are generally less able to tell the difference between fantasy and reality. That is why children from 2-7 still believe in the Tooth Fairy, the Easter Bunny, and the monsters under the bed. Because they do not always process these events as real, and therefore not as horrific as older children, juveniles do and adults do, if they develop symptoms at all, it is likely as an emotional cue that this is how we are supposed to act in response to such a tragedy. The Oklahoma City Bombing was a personal event because I live in Oklahoma. There was more national coverage on the news, and for a longer period of time than with the Challenger accident. Neighbors talked about it for longer periods, even after the news stopped covering it. In another study, seven weeks after the event, 3000 children of middle and high school age were surveyed. Freemont (2007). noted that those who were bereaved through involvement, directly, or indirectly, were more likely to report symptoms than those who were not so closely involved with the incident. However, it is also important to note that the Murrah Building Bombing’s television exposure did lead to trauma related symptoms for more than 2 years past the actual event date (Fremont, 2007). Given the additional coverage time and duration of this incident, which occurred nine years after Challenger, it is obvious that violent television broadcasts do have an effect on children. Our final national tragedy is the day simply known now as 9/11. On September 11, 2001, hijacked jets being flown into each of its twin towers attacked the World Trade Center in New York (Manhattan). Television and radio coverage started before anyone even knew what was happening. First reports were only for a plane of undetermined size having crashed into the North Tower. Before it was all over, a third plane would have crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth would be diverted by extremely brave passengers into crashing into a farm field, rather than its target, which was assumed to the be the White House. The second crash into the Twin Towers was televised in live time, as it happened. People all over America and the world watched as those towers burned, smoke rolling from them, and people jumping amid the papers blowing off the exposed upper floors. Finally the entire crash of first one tower and then the other, all taking place on live television, in real time. This was horrific f or a number of reasons: the amount of people initially dead and missing, relatives across the country, and around the world were uncertain if they were in shock for the nation, grieving personally, or both. Television coverage went on and on, replaying the horrific images repeatedly on 24-hour broadcasts. Other news was reported while these images played in the background on some channels. Fremont (2007). reports in a study done of grade 4-12 aged children in the New York City School system reported an increase of 8.5% of PTSD symptoms following this tragedy. A supporting study confirmed that there were symptoms of PTSD (particularly anxiety) in children who had excessive television exposure to this event even as far away as the West Coast. The difference was that children at a distance suffered more anxiety over whether a loved one was injured or killed; children on the East Coast suffered grief for those injured or killed in the attacks, as well as anxiety about their futures, and the impact this tragedy would have on their future (Wilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A., 2010). Again, parental influences did have some bearing on how much stress a child suffered from this event. According to Wilson, A.C. et.al. (2010), children from single parent homes displayed more symptoms than homes where both parents were present. Another important point is that children who had parents who showed positive emotional responses following the 9/11 attacks, such as crying in grief were much more likely to seek out or ask for help with their feelings over the attack. We do see that violence has an effect on children, at least, on school age children. The three events we have discussed so far were real incidents, happening to real people, and being broadcast in real time on television. But what effect does interactive violent media have on our children? The more attractive video games, to the age 8 and above group, are violent. Whether it is fantasy violence, such as Angry Birds, or animated human violence, such as Halo, or other war programs, these are the games that are advertised heavily, promoted as â€Å"great gifts† and come with a great amount of attached peer pressure to play these games. Bushman (2007). noticed that females had become increasingly violent as the media and society supports the tough, aggressive female character. Traditionally, females are exposed to violent video games later than males, because they are not drawn to watch violent sporting events such as football and hockey (Bushman (2007). While news broadcasts of national tragedies obviously cause symptoms of stress and anxiety in older children, what about younger children? For younger children, violence seems to really have not much of an effect. We read Grimm’s stories to our toddlers; it rarely gives them cause for stress, or anxiety. They are unlikely to display infantile reactions to stress from being read Hansel and Gretel, for example by sucking their thumb, or wetting the bed after hearing the story. Yet, this story is violent; two children, left in the woods by their parent, found by a witch, who attempts to murder them. For children under the age of eight, most research seems to agree that televised violence, viewing video games, or even hearing stories such as Grimm’s Fairy Tales, have little to no effect. Kotler and Calvert (n.d.), support that younger children tend to use instrumental aggression; aggression that is used in the quest of controlling or obtaining an object. Therefore, an average preschooler may strike another child in the quest to get a toy, for example. However, by the time the child enters the first grade, at age 6 or 7, they are starting to use words to fight, rather than physical violence, and may even reject physically aggressive school peers. Supporting my theory that violent media alone does not make a violent child, Kotler and Calvert (n.d.) assert that by the time a child is a pre-adolescent or adolescent, they understand that the quest of revenge, such as is displayed in many video games, is the wrong moral path. However, those children without strong social ties, and who tend to be isolated, endorse violent revenge (Kotler Calvert, n.d.). Further support to the fact that while violent media does contribute, but is not the sole reason for violent children, is a study conducted by Johnson, et.al., over 17 years in a community of 707 individuals. In each case, there was significant support for those who watched violent television in early adolescence and subsequent aggressive acts in adolescence and young adulthood. Males outweighed females in the same age brackets, but routinely, those who watched television for more than 3 hours per day, regardless of the violent content, were 14.6% more likely, overall to engage in physical assault or fighting that would result in injury at age 16 or 22. For those same ages and the same amount of television, 12.7% were likely to engage in any aggressive act on another person. These statistics were true whether or not the adolescent had any of the other risk indicators present for aggressive behavior, or a history of aggressive behavior (Johnson, Cohen, Smailes, Kasen, Brook, 2005). I have to admit that when I chose this topic, I was not on the side of violent television causing violent children, or even being a major contributor. However, the facts are irrefutable; children who view violence after the age of 8, particularly when the situation of the children’s lives are coupled with a low income home that may be violent in nature, is more likely to become violent, or at least accept violent behavior in their adolescent and young adult years. Of course, contributing to my own view is the fact that when I was a child, most homes did not even own one television, programming was rarely violent in terms of today’s acceptable programming, and we were generally limited to an hour of prime time, supervised viewing with the entire family between dinner and bedtime. With the research conducted however, it is not possible to deny that younger children (under age 8) are less able to process and disseminate information, because they simply have no frame of reference for what is acceptable and unacceptable in terms of violence. I do not believe, however, that children of this age should watch television unsupervised, simply because they are learning to reference what they see. Without an adult present to help them interpret what they see, in later years, they will not have a frame of reference to fall back on. Society will never be perfect; we will always have those children, as well as adults who suffer rejection, bullying, and other forms of violence simply because they are different. However, I honestly believe if we all take the advice of the researchers, and supervise our young children, rather than forbid violence in all forms, we will raise children who will be able to survive those rejections, bullying’s and other hurts of growing up without becoming violent. On the other hand, limiting and supervising the viewing and use of violent media in the home may help those children who suffer from disabilities that already promote low empathy (such as Autism Spectrum Disorders like Asperger’s) to understand that violence solves nothing. Finally, parents must accept primary responsibility for their children, their children’s viewing and gaming habits, and ensure that their friends have parents who are involved and engaged with their children as well. Fremont (2007). recommends that the age group under eight not view television or other media without supervision. She also recommends that the adults in a child’s life be prepared to help them with responsible interpretation of any violent content that is viewed. References Browne, K.D., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public health approach. Lancet, 365(9460), 702-210. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011. Bushman, D. B. (2007, March 2). The impact of entertainment media on children and families. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from Iowa State University Extension: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/families/media/pages/qa.bushman.html Fremont,Wanda P., M.D., (2007, November 15). Reactions of children exposed to media coverage of terrorism. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from St. Josephs Hospital and Health Center: www.sjhsyr.org/sjhhc/pdf/chip_FremonReactions07.ppt Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S., Brook, J. S. (2005, March 29). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science, 295, 2468-2471. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011. Kotler, J. A., Calvert, S. L. (n.d.). Children and adolescents’ exposure to different kinds of media violence: Recurring choices and recurring themes (Research Paper). Retrieved from Children’s Digital Media Center/Georgetown University: http://cdmc.georgetown.edu/papers/children_and_adolescent’s_exposure.pdf Wilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A. (2010). Parenting and temperament prior to September 11, 2001, and parenting specific to 9/11 as predictors of children’s post-traumatic stress symptoms following 9/11. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 445-459. Doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.486317, Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 30, 2011

What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with

Research Question: What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Birds look like on the torus? Maurits Cornelis Escher was born in Leeuwarden, Holland in 1898. He showed an interest in design and drawing, and this led him to a career in graphic art. His work was not given much recognition until 1956 when he had his first important exhibition which led him to worldwide fame. He was inspired by the math he read about and his work related to those mathematical principles. This is interesting because he only had formal mathematical training through secondary school. He worked with non-Euclidean geometry and â€Å"impossible† figures. His work covered two main areas: geometry of space and logic of space. They included tessellations, polyhedras, and images relating to the shape of space, the logic of space, science, and artificial intelligence (Smith, B. Sidney). Although Escher worked with a wide variety of art, the main focus of this paper will be tessellations. This brings me to my research question: how does Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane w ith Birds relate to the tiling view of the torus? Tessellations and the torus are related to mathematics in the areas of geometry, topology, and the geometry of space. â€Å"A regular tiling of polygons (in two dimensions), polyhedras (three dimensions), or polytopes (n dimensions) is called a tessellation.† (Weisstein, Eric W.). Tessellations, or regular divisions of the plane, cover the entire plane without leaving any gaps or overlapping (http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/minitext/escher/). The word â€Å"tessellate† comes from the Greek word â€Å"tesseres† which means four in English. This relates to tessellations 2 because the first ones were made of square ... ...oks, Inc., 1999. Index of /internet-cd/Test/Escher. 22 October, 1997. 28 July. 2005. . Locher, J.L. M.C. Escher. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1992. M. C. Escher print: Study of the Regular Division of the Plane with Horsemen. Skaalid, Bonnie. Web Design for Instruction. 28 July. 2005. . Softimage-3D Importer - Example Renderings. Okino Computer Graphics. 28 July. 2005. . Tessellation. Weisstein, Eric W. Wolfram Research, Inc. 28 July. 2005. . The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher. Smith, B. Sidney. Math Academy Online. 20 July. 2005. . The Oldest Escher Collection on the Web. Cordon Art. 28 July. 2005. . What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Research Question: What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Birds look like on the torus? Maurits Cornelis Escher was born in Leeuwarden, Holland in 1898. He showed an interest in design and drawing, and this led him to a career in graphic art. His work was not given much recognition until 1956 when he had his first important exhibition which led him to worldwide fame. He was inspired by the math he read about and his work related to those mathematical principles. This is interesting because he only had formal mathematical training through secondary school. He worked with non-Euclidean geometry and â€Å"impossible† figures. His work covered two main areas: geometry of space and logic of space. They included tessellations, polyhedras, and images relating to the shape of space, the logic of space, science, and artificial intelligence (Smith, B. Sidney). Although Escher worked with a wide variety of art, the main focus of this paper will be tessellations. This brings me to my research question: how does Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane w ith Birds relate to the tiling view of the torus? Tessellations and the torus are related to mathematics in the areas of geometry, topology, and the geometry of space. â€Å"A regular tiling of polygons (in two dimensions), polyhedras (three dimensions), or polytopes (n dimensions) is called a tessellation.† (Weisstein, Eric W.). Tessellations, or regular divisions of the plane, cover the entire plane without leaving any gaps or overlapping (http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/minitext/escher/). The word â€Å"tessellate† comes from the Greek word â€Å"tesseres† which means four in English. This relates to tessellations 2 because the first ones were made of square ... ...oks, Inc., 1999. Index of /internet-cd/Test/Escher. 22 October, 1997. 28 July. 2005. . Locher, J.L. M.C. Escher. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1992. M. C. Escher print: Study of the Regular Division of the Plane with Horsemen. Skaalid, Bonnie. Web Design for Instruction. 28 July. 2005. . Softimage-3D Importer - Example Renderings. Okino Computer Graphics. 28 July. 2005. . Tessellation. Weisstein, Eric W. Wolfram Research, Inc. 28 July. 2005. . The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher. Smith, B. Sidney. Math Academy Online. 20 July. 2005. . The Oldest Escher Collection on the Web. Cordon Art. 28 July. 2005. .

Cosmic Justice :: Creative Writing Short Stories

Cosmic Justice The particular Evil which the space turtle sensed came from one Dr. Quincey P. Mandra, who after a long life of being victimized (at least as he saw it) through one means or another, decided that the time had arrived for him to become a Mad Scientist and wreak his revenge on humanity and creation in general by taking over the world and making it his plaything. (As can be seen, Dr. Mandra was rather narrow of vision, as any self-respecting Mad Scientist these days would have planned to take over the universe, or at least our particular galaxy. Perhaps this was why the elder space turtle seemed unconcerned.) He had already constructed his Evil Headquarters, which he had named The Citadel of Doom (Insert lightning and thunder here). He thought that it was a name that rolled rather nicely off the tongue. It had all that an Evil Mad Scientist could need: attractive art deco living quarters for himself, barracks for his troops, dank dungeons, torture chambers, mutated guard-beasts, booby traps, and lots and lots of insidious machinery that bleeped and buzzed and crackled and made other science fictiony noises. He still needed one thing however...Hordes. Every Evil Mad Scientist needs hordes of mindless drones to do his Evil Bidding.  ³Where will I find Hordes? ² he mused.  ³Where can I find great masses of mindless individuals ready to be indoctrinated and follow a charismatic leader with little or no regard for consequences or even common sense? ² He rejected Congress immediately.  ³I do need some degree of intelligence in my hordes. Overly stupid hordes have been the downfall of many a Mad Scientist. Besides I do want some combat ability. Some, hell! I want soulless killing machines! ² This naturally brought the armed forces to mind, but he rejected them as too fanatical even for him.  ³Frat boys! Hmm...maybe frat pledges. By the time they reach full frat boy status they ¹ve consumed way too much alcohol to be worth anything.

Dukes v. Wal-Mart Essay -- Sexism Gender Walmart Discrimination Essays

Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is a legal battle concerning whether or not the company engaged willfully in gender-based discrimination. Underlying causes, organizational culture and ethical issues will be examined in determining how the largest private employer in the United States could have fallen prey to unfair labor practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In 1999, women constituted 72% of Wal-Mart’s hourly employees, but only 33% of its managerial employees† (Bhatnagar, 2004). This fact and many others are the reasons many people allege that Wal-Mart has unfair labor practices. The Dukes v. Wal-Mart case challenged the hiring, promotion and pay practices of Wal-Mart. The case was filed in June 2001. When the case reached class certification status it became the largest class action civil rights suit against employment discrimination in American history. The case represented approximately 1.6 million women that had worked for Wal-Mart from 1998 to 2001 who felt that they had been discriminated against because of their gender.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many women involved in the Dukes case alleged that Wal-Mart’s policies vary from gender to gender. The managerial staff is comprised mostly of men. The relocation policy in place has a distinct impact on female employees. To become a manager, one must relocate multiple times at each management level. Female employees claimed that this could potentially have a disparate impact on single and married mothers, therefore the policy is not fair to all; favoring the chances of a male getting a promotion over a female.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Berkeley Women’s Law Journal (2004), Wal-Mart pays its employees about one-third less than what similarly unionized employees earn. Wal-Mart’s slogan is â€Å"Everyday low prices,† and they accomplish this by keeping wages low and by suppressing any efforts made by unions to unionize Wal-Mart. In addition to paying low wages, some Wal-Mart stores allegedly violate the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act regulates overtime pay and child labor standards. Many employees have claimed that Wal-Mart makes them work more than 40 hours per week without overtime pay. When management realized how much overtime pay they were logging, they would call in managers to adjust the time sheets. An internal audit exposed the violations of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many o... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company should employ the stakeholder theory as opposed to the agency theory. Each member associated with Wal-Mart will be treated fairly and honestly. In incorporating the deontology perspective as opposed to the Utilitarian viewpoint, the company will show its desire to right previous wrongs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wal-Mart has to implement a number of changes to correct the problems it has created. Attention must be paid to ensure the employee is treated fairly. Other ways must be sought to maintain profit levels and make the stockholders happy. References Bhatnagar, Ritu. (2005). Dukes v. Wal-Mart as a Catalyst for Social Activism. Retrieved July 12, 2005, from the University of Phoenix Library EBSCOhost database Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc. (2004). Class Certification Status Decision, United States District Court, Northern California. Retrieved July 15, 2005 from http://www.walmartclass.com/public-home.html. Featherstone, Liza. (2004). Rollback Wages! Retrieved July 12, 2005, from the University of Phoenix Library EBSCOhost database. Sellers, Jeff M. (2005). Deliver us from Wal-Mart? Retrieved July 12, 2005, from the University of Phoenix Library EBSCOhost database.

System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods

This company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually.Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and ValidationKudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business.As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditors can be more quickly obta ined and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company.Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p.184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to ensure that the new system i s operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers.With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for.The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulation to determine if the soft ware is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity.This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company.By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automated system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster.According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them more quickly. System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods Summary of RecommendationsThis company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually.Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and ValidationKudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business.As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditor s can be more quickly obtained and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company.Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p.184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to en sure that the new system is operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers.With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for.The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulatio n to determine if the software is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity.This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company.By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automat ed system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster.According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them mor e quickly.